Minerals undergo transformations due to various natural processes which are collectively known as the "Rock Cycle".
Rocks are basically solid collections of minerals, and they transition from one type to another via this cycle. The three main rock types are: Sedimentary which are formed from compacted and cemented sediments over time. Igneous which originate from molten rock (magma or lava) that cools and crystallizes. And finally Metamorphic, which undergo intense heat and pressure, leading to changes in appearance and structure.
After the formation of the Solar system, mineral evolution occurred. Elements separated and concentrated over time. Greater temperature and pressure ranges, combined with chemical action of volatiles, influenced mineral formation.
Over countless cycles, rocks can partially melt and then resolidify. These processes, along with interactions between rock and water, concentrate uncommon elements. Gradually, this concentration leads to the formation of exotic minerals not commonly found in the original rock.
Metamorphism also occurs - Metamorphic rocks exemplify mineral changes. When rocks are deeply buried, they experience intense heat and pressure which cause physical and/or chemical alterations in the rock’s appearance and structure, resulting in new minerals.
